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Institute
Die digitale Vernetzung der Wirtschaft, insbesondere im Hinblick auf hochtransparente Informationsflüsse durch betriebliche Anwendungssysteme, schreitet stetig voran. Dabei stehen die Unternehmen bei der Bewertung der bestehenden produktionsnahen IT-Infrastruktur und der Auswahl eines zur Produktionsumgebung passenden ME-Systems vor einer komplexen, aber nicht unlösbaren Herausforderung. Die Einführung der richtigen Software hat dabei nicht nur Auswirkungen auf den Produktionsprozess, sondern auch auf Themen wie die Feinplanung, das Instandhaltungs- sowie das fertigungsbegleitende Qualitätsmanagement. Um die dabei entstehenden Investitionskosten und Wartungs- bzw. Betreuungskosten sowie den internen Personalaufwand für die Auswahl und die nachfolgende Implementierung gering zu halten, benötigen Unternehmen eine gezielte Vorgehensweise. Die Experten
des FIR helfen dabei, das passende System auszuwählen.
Immer flexibler und schneller auf sich ändernde Kundenwünsche reagieren zu können, ist das Ziel eines jeden produzierenden Unternehmens. Um dieses zu erreichen, müssen Daten aus dem Shop Floor nahezu in Echtzeit dem ERP-System zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Dabei kann die Datenintegration auf unterschiedlichen Wegen erfolgen: Data Lakes und MES sind zwei Beispiele mit unterschiedlichen Vor- und Nachteilen.
Towards the Generation of Setup Matrices from Route Sheets and Feedback Data with Data Analytics
(2018)
The function or department of production control in manufacturing companies deals with short-term scheduling of orders and the management of deviations during order execution. Depending on the equipment and characteristics of orders, sequence dependent setup times might occur. In these cases for companies that focus on high utilization of their assets due to long phases of ramp up and high energy costs, it might be optimal to choose sequences with minimal setup time times between orders. Identifying such sequences requires detailed and correct information regarding the specific setup times. With increasing product variety and shorter lot sizes, it becomes more difficult and rather time intense to determine these values manually. One approach is to analyse the relevant features of the orders described in the route sheets or recipes to find similarities in materials and required tools. This paper presents a methodology, which supports setup optimized sequencing for sequence dependent setup times through constructing the setup matrix from such route sheets with the use of data analytics.
In short-term production management of the Internet of Production (IoP) the vision of a Production Control Center is pursued, in which interlinked decision-support applications contribute to increasing decision-making quality and speed. The applications developed focus in particular on use cases near the shop floor with an emphasis on the key topics of production planning and control, production system configuration, and quality control loops.
Within the Predictive Quality application, predictive models are used to derive insights from production data and subsequently improve the process- and product-related quality as well as enable automated Root Cause Analysis. The Parameter Prediction application uses invertible neural networks to predict process parameters that can be used to produce components with desired quality properties. The application Production Scheduling investigates the feasibility of applying reinforcement learning to common scheduling tasks in production and compares the performance of trained reinforcement learning agents to traditional methods. In the two applications Deviation Detection and Process Analyzer, the potentials of process mining in the context of production management are investigated. While the Deviation Detection application is designed to identify and mitigate performance and compliance deviations in production systems, the Process Analyzer concept enables the semi-automated detection of weaknesses in business and production processes utilizing event logs.
With regard to the overall vision of the IoP, the developed applications contribute significantly to the intended interdisciplinary of production and information technology. For example, application-specific digital shadows are drafted based on the ongoing research work, and the applications are prototypically embedded in the IoP.
Unternehmen sind mit einem zunehmend dynamischen Marktumfeld und komplexen Wertschöpfungsbeziehungen konfrontiert. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Sicherstellung effizienter und flexibler Prozesse und Abläufe entlang der gesamten Supply-Chain. Gerade im zwischenbetrieblichen Kontext müssen Entscheidungen möglichst schnell und richtig getroffen werden. Die Grundlagen für eine optimierte Entscheidungsfindung stellen die durchgängige Erfassung, Aufbereitung und gezielte Bereitstellung von Daten dar. Derzeit mangelt es innerhalb der Supply-Chains jedoch oft an der notwendigen Transparenz. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept für ein Assistenzsystem zur Entscheidungsunterstützung auf Supply-Chain-Ebene vorgestellt.
Task-Specific Decision Support Systems in Multi-Level Production Systems based on the digital shadow
(2019)
Due to the increasing spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) suitable for shop floors, the production environment can more easily be digitally connected to the various decision making levels of a production system. This connectivity as well as an increasing availability of high-resolution feedback data, can be used for decision support for all levels of the company and supply chain. To enable data driven decision support, different data sources were structured and linked. The data was combined in task-specific digital shadows, selecting clustering and aggregation rules to gain information. Visual interfaces for task-specific decision support systems (DSS) were developed and evaluated positively by domain experts. The complexity of decision making on different levels was successfully reduced as an effect of the processed amounts of data. These interfaces support decision making, but can additionally be improved if DSS are extended with smart agents as proposed in the Internet of Production.
The Impact Of Manufacturing Execution Systems On The Digital Transformation Of Production Systems
(2021)
With the focus of manufacturing companies on the digital transformation, Manufacturing Execution Systems are market-ready, modular software solutions for manufacturing companies to integrate the value-adding and supporting processes horizontal and vertical in the company. Companies, especially small and mediumsized companies, face high internal and external costs for the implementation of the MES modules. An advantage of MES is the possibility to implement the systems in a continually, module-by-module approach, with the benefit of timely distributed investments. By realizing fast improvements, companies can use the benefits for further module implementations. This paper proposes a maturity model to measure the impact of an MES on the digital transformation of the company’s production systems. The model fulfils two purposes. The first, companies can measure the impact based on the difference between its current maturity index and the potential index of an implemented MES. The second is, the user can identify what impact an MES has in general on the digital transformation since the developed maturity model is derived from an established industry 4.0 maturity model. The development of the maturity model is based on the methodologies of AKKASOGLU and focuses on the further development of an established model. As an outlook, the application of the model will be described briefly. The proposed maturity model can directly be used by practitioners and offers implications for further development of MES functionalities.
Deutschland als Produktionsstandort befindet sich in einem revolutionären Wandel und sieht sich mit komplexen Anforderungen konfrontiert. Neben kurzen Lieferzeiten und günstigen Preisen fordert der Markt ständig differenziertere und qualitativ hochwertigere Produkte. Gleichzeitig steigt die Marktdynamik aufgrund der starken Kundenorientierung und der damit verbundenen Auftragsschwankungen. Dadurch nimmt die Komplexität von Koordination, Planung und Steuerung der betrieblichen Abläufe zu, wodurch Unternehmen oftmals an ihre Grenzen stoßen. Um den Kundenanforderungen dennoch gerecht zu werden, sehen Unternehmen die Digitalisierung als einen entscheidenden Faktor für den Unternehmenserfolg an. Jedoch stehen die Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, jene im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0 erfolgreich in ihrem Unternehmen umzusetzen.
Im Rahmen der digitalen Transformation und der damit verbundenen Gestaltung digitaler und durchgängiger Prozesse müssen Unternehmen häufig neue Business-Software auswählen und beschaffen. Sie modernisieren hierbei ihre in die Jahre gekommene Software oder führen eine zusätzliche ein. Häufig erfolgen Auswahl und Beschaffung mittels klassischer Projektmanagementmethoden, die im Kontrast zu den agilen Methoden während der Implementierung stehen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie agile Methoden schon in der Auswahl genutzt werden, um einerseits den Einstieg in die Implementierung zu erleichtern und andererseits aktives, nutzerzentriertes Change-Management von der Auswahl bis zum Einsatz der Software ermöglichen. Sie sind daher von Beginn an ein wichtiger Baustein zur Sicherung des Projekterfolgs.
The shop floor is a dynamic environment, where deviations to the production plan frequently occur. While there are many tools to support production planning, production control is left unsupported in handling disruptions. The production controller evaluates the deviations and selects the most suitable countermeasures based on his experience. The transparency should be increased in order to improve the decision quality of the production controller by providing meaningful information during his decision process. In this paper, we propose a framework in which an interactive production control system supports the controller in the identification of and reaction to disturbances on the shop floor. At the same time, the system is being improved and updated by the domain knowledge of the controller. The reference architecture consists of three main parts. The first part is the process mining platform, the second part is the machine learning subsystem that consists of a part for the classification of the disturbances and one part for recommending countermeasures to identified disturbances. The third part is the interactive user interface. Integrating the user’s feedback will enable an adaptation to the constantly changing constraints of production control. As an outlook for a technical realization, the design of the user interface and the way of interaction is presented. For the evaluation of our framework, we will use simulated event data of a sample production line. The implementation and test should result in higher production performance by reducing the downtime of the production and increase in its productivity.