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Geschäftsmodell-Innovation
(2017)
Der Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschland ist bislang vorrangig auf die Produktion von Gütern ausgerichtet: Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile, Maschinen, Datenverarbeitungsgeräte sowie elektronische und optische Erzeugnisse stellten wertmäßig die Hälfte der Gesamtausfuhren des Jahres 2013 dar. Die fortschreitende Globalisierung führt zu einer verstärkten internationalen Wettbewerbsintensität bei sich schneller ändernden Produkten und einem wachsendem Differenzierungsdruck. Industrielle Dienstleistungen stellen vor diesem Hintergrund eine Möglichkeit dar, die technische Leistungsfähigkeit von Produkten zu erweitern und zeitgleich die Abgrenzung und Differenzierung von Wettbewerbern auf internationalen Märkten zu realisieren. Produkte werden durch industrielle Dienstleistungen zu umfassenden und spezifischen Lösungen erweitert, die über die Kerneigenschaften der Produkte hinausgehen und Probleme der Nutzer und Kunden als integriertes System lösen. Sach- und Dienstleistungen werden nach Belz als Leistungssysteme beschrieben, die ausgewählte Kundenprobleme nicht als einzelnes Produkt oder einzelne Dienstleistung, sondern umfassend und wirtschaftlich als Kombination aus Leistungsbestandteilen lösen.
In order to achieve a holistic cost management approach, the maintenance and service costs should already be assessed during the development of machines and equipment. The required information in the company, like PLM, process and test data, are commonly not available or vague, especially in early development phases. This paper introduces a feasible method for an early assessment of maintenance and service costs during product development. In doing so, appropriate cost assessment methods are selected, based on the availability and quality of the existing information in the individual development phases. The evaluations of these methods are aggregated in a software tool, so that the respective cost information is displayed with a maximum, minimum and most probable value. The developed software tool was validated in cooperation with a new electric vehicle manufacturer.
In order to cope with the challenges of an increased demand for flexibility, quality and availability of production, maintenance measures provide a major competiveness factor for manufacturing companies. Yet, interdependencies between maintenance and production activities as well as differing target systems within the functional units of an enterprise, especially production and maintenance, raise needs for extended coordination efforts. This paper aims to develop an innovative approach for the coordination between maintenance and production activities for industrial production companies. To achieve this, the novel coordination mechanism is used. It helps to achieve maximised operational availability— for a maximised output of the production system at optimal costs. Based on the developed model, the present paper identifies findings regarding the impact of different maintenance strategies on the medium-term economic efficiency of the production system.
Today, machine manufacturers generate a significant share of their revenues with the provision of services. At the same time, they are confronted with the challenge of adopting of Industrie 4.0.
One of the most important Industrie 4.0 concepts is the idea of the digital shadow, which contributes to the comprehensive structuring of different kinds of data from different data sources. It can be defined as the sufficiently precise, digital representation of reality in real-time.
Thus, it also functions as a database of the considered area of a company that can be used for numerous applications. It serves as a central platform for the aggregation and distribution of data. Thereby, it helps to open isolated data silos. A system architecture that enables extraction of data from various sources and the aggregation of that data is an important prerequisite for the digital shadow.
In addition, the merger of data from different sources requires a model of the part of the company to be mapped digitally. In this paper, we focus on maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services of machine manufacturers. The scope comprises the whole order processing of a service including the utilized resources and the obtained results.
MRO services and their single elements are mapped and structured using a case study research in a first step. Those elements provide a basis for designing the digital shadow. A second contribution of this paper is a data model for the digital shadow of MRO services that entails a comprehensive representation of that department.
The growth of installed wind capacities generated a market with a huge variety of service offers for operation & maintenance of wind turbines. Different parties like manufacturers, component suppliers as well as independent service providers compete for the attractive after sales market. An innovative service offer which seems to meet the customers’ requirements is the guarantee of availability for wind turbines. However, these service providers are facing new challenges regarding their performance potentials and their financial risks occurring from possible penalties. Service providers have to reconsider their preparedness of performance, their new occurring financials risks, their cooperation and qualification level as well as their localization of service bases. To be able to quantify these new challenges and risks a simulation model has been designed in the context of a German research project named “WinServ”.
Nowadays, providing purchasable goods is not enough for a company to survive on the global market. Because of competitive prices and a large range of products available, companies need to offer additional benefits to their customers in order to create a unique selling point. They add services to their product portfolio and offer clients the opportunity to acquire an additional service solution to go with it. The offered services need to fit to the customer's needs, resulting in a variety of available services, great complexity of the service range and decreasing transparency of the resource utilization. This paper addresses the problem by identifying variant-creating factors in product service systems, transferring them into an organizational framework and verifying their significance.
Increasing productivity in product-service systems is a vital success factor for industrialized economies and individual businesses. The service production is typically described as an integrated value chain setting, in which the provider and the customer are co-creators.
This paper embraces a characteristic curve model in order to illustrate the influence of the customer on the productivity of service production. The characteristic curves are derived from a system dynamics simulation model for a synchronized takt-based service production. In conclusion this research leads to designs recommendations for service production systems in order to reduce lead times and increase adherence to delivery dates.
The design of data-driven industrial services in the context of industry 4.0 represents a major challenge for industrial service providers and manufacturing companies for investment goods. Data-driven services require technological and strategic components that most companies have not build up yet and that differ from current configurations. That is why many companies lack a systematic approach and implementation competence for the use of data in the context of industrial services and therefore face the challenge of not being able to expand their market position in an ever-growing competition for data.
The present paper addresses this research deficit with the aim of describing strategic features and characteristics of data-driven industrial services by identifying the related crucial features and characteristics through a morphological approach. This will enable industrial service providers to improve strategic and operative management decisions in order to define a specific strategy and to configure data-driven services.
Through data-based insights into customer behavior, products and service offers can be improved. For manufacturing companies, smart product-service systems (SPSS) offer the possibility to collect customer data during the usage phase of the product. As the focus on customer analytics is too often on sales and marketing, SPSS are overlooked as a source of customer data. However, manufacturing companies need to integrate data from all interactions with their customers along the complete customer journey to achieve a holistic data-based view of the customers. To identify these interactions and the customer data derived from them, the concept of a digital shadow will be applied to the customer journey. The projected results for the presented work in progress are a reference process model for the customer journey in manufacturing and a data model of the customer data created along this process.
Heterogene Maschinenparks, über Jahrzehnte gewachsene Anlagenstrukturen und fehlende Dokumentation im Bereich der Systemkomponenten, Bauteile und Ersatzteilteillisten erschweren es der Instandhaltung (IH), ihre anfallenden Maßnahmen präzise zu planen, mit benötigten Informationen zu unterstützen und somit effizient durchführen zu können. Die systematische Erfassung, Verwaltung und Nutzung administrativer Auftragsdaten kombiniert mit technischen Zeichnungen, Materialeigenschaften und Maschinendaten ermöglichen die gezielte Unterstützung von Instandhaltungsprozessen von der Initiierung bis hin zum Abschluss des Auftrags. Verschiedene Softwarelösungen stellen diesbezüglich die IT-technischen Funktionalitäten in verschiedenen Ausprägungen zur Verfügung. Aufgrund steigender organisatorischer Anforderungen, Effizienzbemühungen und technischer Möglichkeiten in den letzten 25 Jahren haben sich die unterstützenden IT-Lösungen stetig weiterentwickelt und sind zu Produkten geworden, welche explizit zur Unterstützung instandhaltungsspezifischer Aufgaben genutzt werden.
Remote services are services enabled by information and communication components and therefore do not require the physical presence of a service technician at the service object to provide a task. The impact of remote service on the capital goods industry has been increasingly significant over the recent yeas. Still many companies struggle with developing and implemenling successful business model, for remote service. This leads to a lot of unaccomplished benefits for the customer as well as for the companies themselves. A survey throughout companies in Ihe industrial machine and plant production sector was conducted in order to determine what successful companies do differently from those that cannot efficiently implement remote service business models.
The study presented in this chapter identifies key suceess factors of companies that effectively implemented remote services for their products. In order to identify the successful companies a scale for measuring remote service success was developed. Only by the use of this scale further findings regarding the success factors were possible. Key findings include the fact that successful companies actively market their remotle service to their customers. Generally they try to approach their remote service business from the operating company's perspective.
For a considerable time, European companies in the capital goods industry experience stagnating growth in material goods markets. Moreover, increasing international competition forces European companies to improve their market position. In order to stay successful, an increasing number of companies adapt their businesses from manufacturing to service provider. Unfortunately, the number of companies who manage to turn their portfolio change into a competitive advantage is comparatively low. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of a framework for the positioning as industrial services provider. Besides, it provides support for management in shaping the changes that occur with the transformation.
As industrial service portfolios grow, many companies overlook the implications of their business operations: rising complexity and resulting complexity costs. One reason are nonexistent tools that help service managers to decide in planning phases with an adequate effort about the implications that variety and complexity decisions have on the complexity costs of their portfolio. This paper depicts the challenges service companies have to face in this context and presents a concept of a heuristic approach to evaluate the complexity costs for industrial services. The concept is being developed in strong cooperation with industrial partners.
This paper presents a simulation approach for service production processes on the basis of which an optimal operating point for service systems can be identified. The approach specifically takes into account the characteristics of human behavior. The simulation is based on a system theory approach to the service delivery process. A specific use case of the simulation approach is presented in detail to illustrate how characteristic curves are deduced and an optimal operating point is obtained.
Die Umsetzung einer strategischen Veränderung hin zum Lösungsanbieter besteht in weiten Teilen in der Anpassung des bestehenden Geschäftsmodells oder der Neudefinition desselben. Zunehmend werden bspw. anstelle des Verkaufs von Sachgütern und des darauffolgenden Angebots von After-Sales-Dienstleistungen Garantien über die Funktionsbereitschaft oder Verfügbarkeit angeboten. Dazu ist umfassendes Wissen über Geschäftsmodelle und deren Anpassung notwendig.
In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie Geschäftsmodelle grundsätzlich aufgebaut sind und welche Fragestellungen bei der Entwicklung eines Geschäftsmodells beantwortet werden müssen. Es werden für das Management industrieller Dienstleistungen relevante nutzungs- und gebrauchsabhängige Geschäftsmodelle vorgestellt. Das Kapitel wird abgerundet durch eine Methode für das Management der Anpassung von Geschäftsmodellen.
Die Frage nach der strategischen Einbindung des Dienstleistungsgeschäfts in den Kontext des Gesamtunternehmens wird angesichts globalisierter Märkte mit hohem Wettbewerbsdruck zunehmend wichtiger. Die Wahl des richtigen Umfangs des Dienstleistungsangebots unter Berücksichtigung der Gesamtunternehmensstrategie ist erfolgsentscheidend für die richtige Positionierung eines Industrieunternehmens im Markt.
Daher wird in diesem Beitrag der Begriff "Strategisches Management industrieller Dienstleistungen" anwendungsnah beschrieben. Hierauf aufbauend wird ein Prozess zum strategischen Management industrieller Dienstleistungen vorgestellt, der Dienstleistungs- und Gesamtunternehmensstrategie integriert betrachtet. Zur operativen Umsetzung der Inhalte der einzelnen Prozessphasen werden abschließend ausgewählte Methoden und Werkzeuge vorgestellt.
Kennzahlen und Führungssysteme sind im Sinne des Performance-Managements ein zentraler Aspekt des Managements industrieller Dienstleistungen. Die Performancemessung bezieht dabei sowohl strategische Aspekte als auch Ergebnisse auf der operativen Ebene mit ein.
Die Immaterialität sowie die Integrativität von Dienstleistungen bedingen auch, dass mehr perspektivische Kennzahlen und Führungssysteme erforderlich sind, die neben monetären Kennzahlen auch die Erfassung und Auswertung von für Dienstleistungen spezifischen kunden- sowie kundenprozessbezogenen Kennzahlen ermöglichen. Im Beitrag werden ausgewählte Messansätze vorgestellt. Hierfür wird eine Gliederung in die Teilbereiche Kundengerichtete, Unternehmensgerichtete und Intern gerichtete Messansätze vorgenommen.
Kundensysteme
(2016)
Eine Vielzahl von Unternehmen konzentriert sich in den letzten Jahren gezielt auf die Bedürfnisse der Kunden. Interessen und Wünsche der Kunden fließen mehr und mehr in die Prozesse der Unternehmen ein und es erfolgt eine Verschiebung der Verhandlungsmacht hin zum Kunden. Unternehmen müssen sich der neuen Macht des Kunden stellen, wozu es einer wohlüberlegten und strukturierten Kundenbearbeitung bedarf.
Neben Fragestellungen der Kundenakquise zählen sowohl die Kundenbindung als auch die Markenführung zu den entscheidenden Aspekten, die man in der Wissenschaft unter dem Verständnis eines Kundensystems untersucht. In diesem Beitrag werden diese drei Hauptprozesse näher beschrieben. Diese führen in Verbindung mit dem ebenfalls vorgestellten Key-Account-Management und Customer-Relationship-Management zu wiederholten Kaufentscheidungen und Vertragsabschlüssen.