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Crisis situations can lead to extreme consequences for society and the economy, such as the disruption of supply chains and the collapse of critical infrastructure. The challenge for optimal crisis preparation lies in the unpredictability of causes, duration and scope, and severity. AI-based resilience services can aid in crisis preparation by providing software-based warnings, recommendations, and countermeasures. The aim of this paper is to present a method for evaluating such services in terms of their usefulness and acceptance. A questionnaire is presented, and the results of its piloting phase are disseminated. With these results, existing and projected AI-based services for crisis prevention can be evaluated.
Digital technologies have gained significant importance in the course of the 4th Industrial Revolution and these technologies are widely implemented, nowadays. However, it is necessary to bear in mind that an ill-considered use can quickly have a negative impact on the environment in which the technology is used. For more responsible and sustainable use, the regulation of digital technologies is therefore necessary today. Since the government is taking a very slow response, as the example of the AI Act shows, companies need to take action themselves today. In this context, one of the central questions for companies is: "Which digital technologies are relevant for manufacturing companies in terms of regulation? This paper conducted a quantitative Delphi study to answer this question. The results of the Delphi study are presented and evaluated within the framework of a data analysis. In addition, it will be discussed how to proceed with the results so that manufacturing companies can benefit from them. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the development of an AI platform in the German research project PAIRS by investigating the compliance relevance of artificial intelligence applications.
Digital technologies such as 5G, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence (AI) are currently being used in various ways by manufacturing companies. As the fourth industrial revolution progresses, it has become apparent that reckless use and inadequate regulation of these technologies have a detrimental effect on the environment in which they are utilized. Therefore, regulation of digital technologies is imperative today to ensure more responsible and sustainable use. While governments usually establish regulations, progress is not keeping pace with the demands and hazards of employing digital technologies. The European AI law serves as an example of the considerable distance yet to be covered before binding guidelines are established. Consequently, companies must take proactive measures today to ensure that they use digital technologies responsibly in their environments. In this context, identifying which digital technologies are pertinent to manufacturing companies in terms of regulation is crucial. Furthermore, a comprehensive approach is required to design compliance holistically for digital technologies and to systematically derive the corresponding guidelines. This paper introduces a set of models that not only determine the importance of
compliance in the application of different technologies but also present a framework for methodically designing compliance. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the development of an AI platform in the German research project PAIRS by investigating the compliance relevance of applications such as artificial intelligence.
With the development of publicly accessible broker systems within the last decade, the complexity of data-driven ecosystems is expected to become manageable for self-managed digitalisation. Having identified event-driven IT-architectures as a suitable solution for the architectural requirements of Industry 4.0, the producing industry is now offered a relevant alternative to prominent third-party ecosystems. Although the technical components are readily available, the realisation of an event-driven IT-architecture in production is often hindered by a lack of reference projects, and hence uncertainty about its success and risks. The research institute FIR and IT-expert synyx are thus developing an event-driven IT-architecture in the Center Smart Logistics' producing factory, which is designed to be a multi-agent testbed for members of the cluster. With the experience gained in industrial projects, a target IT-architecture was conceptualised that proposes a solution for a self-managed data-ecosystem based on open-source technologies. With the iterative integration of factory-relevant Industry 4.0 use cases, the target is continuously realised and validated. The paper presents the developed solution for a self-managed event-driven IT-architecture and presents the implications of the decisions made. Furthermore, the progress of two use cases, namely an IT-OT-integration and a smart product demonstrator for the research project BlueSAM, are presented to highlight the iterative technical implementability and merits, enabled by the architecture.
Intelligente Produkte werden für produzierende Unternehmen immer mehr zum Bestandteil einer umfassenden Digitalisierungsstrategie. Der Grund liegt darin, dass die Anreicherung eines Produkts mit digitalen Technologien konkrete Mehrwerte für Produzent:in und Kund:in erzeugt, aus denen sich langfristig Wettbewerbsvorteile ergeben. Während große Konzerne diese Strategie bereits für sich realisieren, bedeutet die notwendige Interdisziplinarität aus fachlicher und digitaler Expertise jedoch eine Hürde für KMU, die ihre Digitalisierung mit geringeren Ressourcen verfolgen.
Im EU-Forschungsprojekt ‚BlueSAM‘ hat das FIR mit dem belgischen Partner Sirris eine Methode erarbeitet, die Entwicklung Intelligenter Produkte nutzenorientiert auszurichten und sie architekturell vorzuarbeiten, um KMU einen vereinfachten Einstieg zu bereiten und initiale Aufwände zu reduzieren. Die nun über ein öffentlich verfügbares Webtool nutzbare BlueSAM-Methode hat das FIR dazu genutzt, ein eigenes Intelligentes Produkt als Demonstrator zu entwickeln: eine Espressomaschine, die gelernt hat, Personen bei der Espressozubereitung mit der Maschine zu unterstützen. Aus den Daten erkennt man etwa, wann der Espresso im Brauprozess die ideale Menge erreicht hat oder zu welchen Tageszeiten welche Sorten am beliebtesten sind.
Feeding the growing world population is a scientific and economic challenge. The target variables to be optimised are the yield that can be produced on a given area and the reduction of the resources used for this purpose. High-wage countries are faced with the problem that the use of personnel is a significant cost driver. Developing countries, on the other hand, usually operate on much smaller field sizes, so that the work in the field is still strongly characterised by manual labour. One solution to meet these challenges is the use of smaller autonomous harvesting robots. These can be networked into a swarm of machines to work even larger fields. The networking of autonomous agricultural machines is a key use case for rural 5G networks. 5G technology can offer many advantages over older mobile communications standards and therefore make use cases more efficient or enable new ones. Various use cases are also conceivable in the field of agriculture, yet it is unclear how 5G networks can and must be specified for this purpose. In this paper, using the example of 5G-connected harvesters powered by swarm robotics, we present the challenges that have arisen and the specification that has been developed.
In road haulage, transports are interrupted by truck drivers to comply with driving and rest times. On long-distance routes, these interruptions lead to a considerable increase in transport time. Transport interruption can be avoided by so-called relay traffic: a vehicle (e. g. semi-trailer) is handed over to a rested driver at the end of the driving time. This type of transport requires a certain company size. In Germany, however, transport companies have 11 employees on average. Intra-company relay traffic is therefore not economically viable for most transport companies. To organize an intermodal transport across forwarding companies, long-distance routes need to be split into partial routes to divide them between freight forwarders and carriers. This paper presents a data concept for an algorithm to find the best possible route sections along a previously defined start and endpoint. The developed data concept includes order-specific data, forwarder-specific data, real-time traffic data, geographical data as well as data from freight forwarding software and telematics to be the basis for the route sectioning algorithm. In this paper, different data sources, external services and logistic systems are analyzed and evaluated. It is shown which data is needed and what the best ways are to select and derive this data from the different data sources.
Ziel des beantragten Fördervorhabens war es, die kontinuierliche Funktionsüberwachung und insbesondere den heutigen Sensoreinsatz in Verteilnetzen zu revolutionieren, durch Verwendung von Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI), gepaart mit einer Verbesserung der zugehörigen Sensortechnik und eingesetzter digitaler Dienstleistungssysteme. Die integrale Betrachtung der wissenschaftlichen und technischen Herausforderungen und deren Bewältigung führten zu den notwendigen Ergebnissen, um den Erfolg der Energie- und Mobilitätswende in Deutschland zu unterstützen.
Mit den Ergebnissen des Vorhabens konnte der heutige Sensoreinsatz in Verteilnetzen durch Verwendung von Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) zusammen mit einer Erweiterung der Sensortechnik grundlegend verbessert werden. Die daraus abgeleiteten Unterziele umfassen alle wichtigen Aspekte des Sensoreinsatzes in elektrischen Betriebsmitteln.
The agricultural industry is facing unprecedented challenges in meeting the growing demand for food while minimizing its impact on the environment. To address these challenges, the industry is embracing technological advancements such as 5G networks to improve efficiency and productivity. However, the benefits of 5G technology must be weighed against the costs of implementing a suitable network. This paper presents cost-benefit dimensions that are needed to assess the economic feasibility of implementing 5G networks for several agricultural applications. The paper describes the costs of deploying and maintaining a 5G network and the benefits of several 5G-specific use cases, including precision agriculture, livestock monitoring, and swarm robotics. Using industry reports and case studies, the model quantifies the benefits of 5G networks, such as enabling new digital agricultural processes, increased productivity, and improved sustainability. It also considers the costs associated with equipment and infrastructure, as well as the challenges of deploying a network in rural areas. The results demonstrate that 5G networks can provide significant benefits to agricultural businesses and provide an overview about the cost factors. Both benefit and cost dimensions are analyzed for the 5G-specific agricultural use cases.
Im Forschungsprojekt „Legitimise IT“ wurde ein einheitlicher Ansatz zur Nutzung von Schatten-IT für produzierende kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) entwickelt. Dadurch sollen KMU zur kontrollierten Legitimierung nutzenstiftender Schatten-IT unter Berücksichtigung vorhandener Risiken befähigt werden.
Schatten-IT ist in den meisten Unternehmen vorhanden. Durch den unkontrollierten Einsatz von Schatten-IT im Unternehmen entstehen zahlreiche Risiken, welche zu Ineffizienzen und Fehleranfälligkeiten bei den Betriebsabläufen führen können. Dabei wird die Entstehung von Schatten-IT nicht zuletzt durch die Schnelllebigkeit und Vielfalt der technologischen Entwicklungen weiter beschleunigt. Der Ansatz, durch eine strikte Vorgabe der Unternehmensführung lediglich auf genehmigte und zentral verwaltete IT-Anwendungen zurückzugreifen, um Schatten-IT zu unterbinden, hat sich in der unternehmerischen Praxis nicht bewährt. Bisherige Ansätze adressieren nicht die Gründe für die Notwendigkeit von Schatten-IT und bieten keinen organisatorischen und insbesondere technologischen Rahmen, um deren Vorteile unternehmerisch zu nutzen.
Daher wurde im Projekt ein Ansatz entwickelt, der einerseits die aufgezeigten Risiken minimiert und andererseits Mitarbeitenden die notwendigen Freiheiten für eigene, kreative Lösungen bietet. Damit Unternehmen ihre großen Herausforderungen bei der Abschätzung der Risiken- und Nutzenaspekte wie auch beim strikten Verzicht auf die eingesetzten Schatten-IT-Anwendungen bewältigen können, wird eine entsprechende Methodik gefordert.