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Industry 4.0 is driven by Cyber-Physical Systems and Smart Products. Smart Products provide a value to both its users and its manufacturers in terms of a closer connection to the customer and his data as well as the provided smart services. However, many companies, especially SMEs, struggle with the transformation of their existing product portfolio into smart products. In order to facilitate this process, this paper presents a set of smart product use-cases from a manufacturer’s perspective. These use-cases can guide the definition of a smart product and be used during its architecture development and realization. Initially the paper gives an introduction in the field of smart products. After that the research results, based on case-study research, are presented. This includes the methodological approach, the case-study data collection and analysis. Finally, a set of use-cases, their definitions and components are presented and highlighted from the perspective of a smart product manufacturer.
Seit Beginn des Jahres ist Max-Ferdinand Stroh Leiter des Bereichs Informationsmanagement am FIR. Was ihn antreibt und welche Ziele er und seine Mitarbeiter:innen sich für die kommenden Jahre gesetzt haben, erörtert Max-Ferdinand Stroh im Interview mit der UdZ-Redaktion.
Digital technologies such as 5G, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence (AI) are currently being used in various ways by manufacturing companies. As the fourth industrial revolution progresses, it has become apparent that reckless use and inadequate regulation of these technologies have a detrimental effect on the environment in which they are utilized. Therefore, regulation of digital technologies is imperative today to ensure more responsible and sustainable use. While governments usually establish regulations, progress is not keeping pace with the demands and hazards of employing digital technologies. The European AI law serves as an example of the considerable distance yet to be covered before binding guidelines are established. Consequently, companies must take proactive measures today to ensure that they use digital technologies responsibly in their environments. In this context, identifying which digital technologies are pertinent to manufacturing companies in terms of regulation is crucial. Furthermore, a comprehensive approach is required to design compliance holistically for digital technologies and to systematically derive the corresponding guidelines. This paper introduces a set of models that not only determine the importance of
compliance in the application of different technologies but also present a framework for methodically designing compliance. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the development of an AI platform in the German research project PAIRS by investigating the compliance relevance of applications such as artificial intelligence.
Companies are transforming from transactional sales to providing solutions for their customers. Mostly, smart products, enabling companies to enhance their products by providing smart services to their customers, are a key building block in this transformation. However, the development of a smart product requires many digital skills and knowledge, which regular companies do not have. To facilitate the design and conceptualization of smart products, this paper presents a use-case-based information systems architecture prototype for smart products. Furthermore, the paper features the application and evaluation of the architecture on two different smart product projects. The use of such an architecture as a reference in smart product development serves as a huge advantage and accelerator for inexperienced companies, allowing faster entry into this new field of business. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-14844-6_16]
Dieses Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekt wurde durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) im Rahmen des Programms „KMU-innovativ: Produktionsforschung“ (Förderkennzeichen 02K19K010) gefördert und vom Projektträger Karlsruhe (PTKA) betreut. Die Verantwortung für den Inhalt dieser Veröffentlichung liegt bei den Autoren.
Methods of machine learning (ML) are difficult for manufacturing companies to employ productively. Data science is not their core skill, and acquiring talent is expensive. Automated machine learning (Auto-ML) aims to alleviate this, democratizing machine learning by introducing elements such as low-code or no-code functionalities into its model creation process. Due to the dynamic vendor market of Auto-ML, it is difficult for manufacturing companies to successfully implement this technology. Different solutions as well as constantly changing requirements and functional scopes make a correct software selection difficult. This paper aims to alleviate said challenge by providing a longlist of requirements that companies should pay attention to when selecting a solution for their use case. The paper is part of a larger research effort, in which a structured selection process for Auto-ML solutions in manufacturing companies is designed. The longlist itself is the result of six case studies of different manufacturing companies, following the method of case study research by Eisenhardt. A total of 75 distinct requirements were identified, spanning the entire machine learning and modeling pipeline.
Networked digitalisation as an enabler for smart products and data-based business models presents companies with numerous and diverse challenges on their way through the digital transformation. Various reference architecture models have been developed in recent years to support these companies. A detailed analysis of these and in particular their use by companies quickly showed that currently existing reference models have major weaknesses in their practical suitability. With the Aachen Digital Architecture Management (ADAM), a framework was developed that specifically addresses the weaknesses of existing reference architectures and specifically takes up their strengths. As a holistic model, specially developed for use by companies, ADAM structures the digital transformation of companies in the areas of digital infrastructure and business development starting from customer requirements. Systematically, companies are enabled to drive the design of the digital architecture, taking into account design fields. The description of the design fields offers a detailed insight into the essential tasks on the way to a digitally networked company. The model is not only a structuring aid, but also contains a construction kit with the design fields to configure the procedure in the digital transformation. The procedure differentiates between the development of the digitalisation strategy and the implementation of the digital architecture. Three different case studies also show how ADAM is used in industry, what structuring support it can provide and how the digital transformation can be configured. The breadth and depth of ADAM enable companies to take the path of digital transformation systematically and in a structured manner, without ignoring the value-creating components of digitalisation. This qualifies ADAM as a sustainability-oriented framework, as it places the economic scaling, needs-based adaptation and future-oriented robustness of solution modules in the focus of digital transformation.
Die vorliegende Publikation soll dazu dienen, ein aktuelles Stimmungsbild der Industrie zu der Einführung von 5G einzufangen. Dazu wird analysiert, wie eine 5G-Einbindung in bereits bestehende IoT-Plattformen gelingen kann und welche Möglichkeiten zukünftig realisierbar werden. Dazu stellen wir fünf Hypothesen zum Einfluss von 5G auf IoT-Plattformen auf und leiten daraus ein Visionsbild eines 5G-Plattformkonzepts ab. Um den Einfluss der industriellen Einführung der Mobilfunkgeneration 5G auf IoT-Plattformen bewerten zu können, wurden sowohl Visionsbild als auch Hypothesen innerhalb strukturierter Interviews mit IoT-Plattformanbietern diskutiert und aufgearbeitet. Nachdem in Kapitel 2 die relevanten Grundlagen hinsichtlich des neuen Mobilfunkstandards 5G und Plattformen erarbeitet werden, werden in Kapitel 3 die Ergebnisse und Erkenntnisse der Interviews mit den Plattformanbietern zusammengefasst und erörtert. Basierend auf den Interviews geben wir einen Überblick über die konkreten Herausforderungen, das Interesse diverser Stakeholder und die aktuellen Entwicklungen rund um das Thema.
Der Technologie- und Trendradar 2022 enthält die neusten Technologien und Trends des vergangenen Jahres. Im aktualisierten Radar wurden die Technologiereifegrade in den Steckbriefen neu bewertet, die Anwendungen, Potenziale und Herausforderungen der Technologien wo nötig aktualisiert und neue Technologien aufgenommen.
Der Technologie- und Trendradar 2022 enthält elf neue Steckbriefe. Das Technologiefeld Vernetzung wurde um Eventgetriebene IT-Architekturen, Internet of Behaviors und Web3 erweitert. Dem Feld Virtualisierung wurde die Technologie Metaverse hinzugefügt. Das Technologiefeld Datenverarbeitung wurde um den Trend Data-Centric AI ergänzt, das Feld Prozesse um den Trend Digitale Souveränität. Im Technologiefeld Produkte wurden die Technologien Edge AI, Inter Planetary File System (IPFS), Photonische Siliziumchips, Soft-Robotik und Neuromorphic Computing aufgenommen.
Technologiefrüherkennung
(2022)
Unter Technologiefrüherkennung wird im Folgenden die gezielte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Technologiemarkt und unternehmensspezifischen Anwendungsfällen verstanden. Der Technologieeinsatz kann für Unternehmen entscheidend sein, um ihre Strategie, z. B. die Kostenführerschaft, erfolgreich zu verfolgen. Gleichzeitig können neue Technologien, wie z. B. der 3D-Druck, Markteintrittsbarrieren senken, sodass die Gefahr besteht, dass neue Wettbewerber in den Markt eintreten. Die vernetzte Digitalisierung profitiert unter anderem davon, dass (Informations-)Technologien günstiger und performanter werden. Durch diesen Trend empfiehlt es sich, den sich stetig ändernden Technologiemarkt im Blick zu behalten und eine Übersicht über relevante Technologien zu schaffen. Im folgenden Kapitel werden Methoden vorgestellt, mit denen dieser Überblick gezielt erreicht werden kann. (Quelle: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-63758-6_13)
Ziel des beantragten Fördervorhabens war es, die kontinuierliche Funktionsüberwachung und insbesondere den heutigen Sensoreinsatz in Verteilnetzen zu revolutionieren, durch Verwendung von Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI), gepaart mit einer Verbesserung der zugehörigen Sensortechnik und eingesetzter digitaler Dienstleistungssysteme. Die integrale Betrachtung der wissenschaftlichen und technischen Herausforderungen und deren Bewältigung führten zu den notwendigen Ergebnissen, um den Erfolg der Energie- und Mobilitätswende in Deutschland zu unterstützen.
Mit den Ergebnissen des Vorhabens konnte der heutige Sensoreinsatz in Verteilnetzen durch Verwendung von Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) zusammen mit einer Erweiterung der Sensortechnik grundlegend verbessert werden. Die daraus abgeleiteten Unterziele umfassen alle wichtigen Aspekte des Sensoreinsatzes in elektrischen Betriebsmitteln.
The agricultural industry is facing unprecedented challenges in meeting the growing demand for food while minimizing its impact on the environment. To address these challenges, the industry is embracing technological advancements such as 5G networks to improve efficiency and productivity. However, the benefits of 5G technology must be weighed against the costs of implementing a suitable network. This paper presents cost-benefit dimensions that are needed to assess the economic feasibility of implementing 5G networks for several agricultural applications. The paper describes the costs of deploying and maintaining a 5G network and the benefits of several 5G-specific use cases, including precision agriculture, livestock monitoring, and swarm robotics. Using industry reports and case studies, the model quantifies the benefits of 5G networks, such as enabling new digital agricultural processes, increased productivity, and improved sustainability. It also considers the costs associated with equipment and infrastructure, as well as the challenges of deploying a network in rural areas. The results demonstrate that 5G networks can provide significant benefits to agricultural businesses and provide an overview about the cost factors. Both benefit and cost dimensions are analyzed for the 5G-specific agricultural use cases.
With the development of publicly accessible broker systems within the last decade, the complexity of data-driven ecosystems is expected to become manageable for self-managed digitalisation. Having identified event-driven IT-architectures as a suitable solution for the architectural requirements of Industry 4.0, the producing industry is now offered a relevant alternative to prominent third-party ecosystems. Although the technical components are readily available, the realisation of an event-driven IT-architecture in production is often hindered by a lack of reference projects, and hence uncertainty about its success and risks. The research institute FIR and IT-expert synyx are thus developing an event-driven IT-architecture in the Center Smart Logistics' producing factory, which is designed to be a multi-agent testbed for members of the cluster. With the experience gained in industrial projects, a target IT-architecture was conceptualised that proposes a solution for a self-managed data-ecosystem based on open-source technologies. With the iterative integration of factory-relevant Industry 4.0 use cases, the target is continuously realised and validated. The paper presents the developed solution for a self-managed event-driven IT-architecture and presents the implications of the decisions made. Furthermore, the progress of two use cases, namely an IT-OT-integration and a smart product demonstrator for the research project BlueSAM, are presented to highlight the iterative technical implementability and merits, enabled by the architecture.
Intelligente Produkte werden für produzierende Unternehmen immer mehr zum Bestandteil einer umfassenden Digitalisierungsstrategie. Der Grund liegt darin, dass die Anreicherung eines Produkts mit digitalen Technologien konkrete Mehrwerte für Produzent:in und Kund:in erzeugt, aus denen sich langfristig Wettbewerbsvorteile ergeben. Während große Konzerne diese Strategie bereits für sich realisieren, bedeutet die notwendige Interdisziplinarität aus fachlicher und digitaler Expertise jedoch eine Hürde für KMU, die ihre Digitalisierung mit geringeren Ressourcen verfolgen.
Im EU-Forschungsprojekt ‚BlueSAM‘ hat das FIR mit dem belgischen Partner Sirris eine Methode erarbeitet, die Entwicklung Intelligenter Produkte nutzenorientiert auszurichten und sie architekturell vorzuarbeiten, um KMU einen vereinfachten Einstieg zu bereiten und initiale Aufwände zu reduzieren. Die nun über ein öffentlich verfügbares Webtool nutzbare BlueSAM-Methode hat das FIR dazu genutzt, ein eigenes Intelligentes Produkt als Demonstrator zu entwickeln: eine Espressomaschine, die gelernt hat, Personen bei der Espressozubereitung mit der Maschine zu unterstützen. Aus den Daten erkennt man etwa, wann der Espresso im Brauprozess die ideale Menge erreicht hat oder zu welchen Tageszeiten welche Sorten am beliebtesten sind.
Crisis situations can lead to extreme consequences for society and the economy, such as the disruption of supply chains and the collapse of critical infrastructure. The challenge for optimal crisis preparation lies in the unpredictability of causes, duration and scope, and severity. AI-based resilience services can aid in crisis preparation by providing software-based warnings, recommendations, and countermeasures. The aim of this paper is to present a method for evaluating such services in terms of their usefulness and acceptance. A questionnaire is presented, and the results of its piloting phase are disseminated. With these results, existing and projected AI-based services for crisis prevention can be evaluated.