Dienstleistungsmanagement
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Towards a Methodology to Determine Intersubjective Data Values in Industrial Business Activities
(2021)
This paper contributes to a valuation framework for valuing data as an intangible asset. Especially those industrial manufacturers developing and delivering holistic digital solutions are limited in calculating the true business value of data initiatives. Since the value of data is strongly dependent on the respective use case, a completely objective valuation is not possible. This complicates decision-making on the internal side regarding investments in digital transformation, and on the external side to communicate existing benefits to third parties via financial reporting. Therefore, the target is to design a valuation framework that allows industrial manufacturers to determine an intersubjective, i.e., traceable and transparent, data value. In order to develop a framework that can be applied in practice, the approach is based on industrial case study research.
Erfolgreiche Serviceinnovation im Zeitalter industrieller, datenbasierter Dienstleistungen unterscheidet sich deutlich von bisherigen Ansätzen der klassischen Dienstleistungsentwicklung. Diese Erkenntnis konnte aus einem breit angelegten Benchmarking in der deutschen Industrie gewonnen werden. Die Benchmarking-Studie identifizierte besonders erfolgreiche Unternehmen, deren Methoden und Ansätze zur Gestaltung innovativer Dienstleistungen in Form von Fallstudien im Detail untersucht wurden. Als Kernergebnis ergeben sich sechs Prinzipien, die erfolgreiche Serviceinnovation für datenbasierte Dienstleistungen auszeichnen.
Since data becomes more and more important in industrial context, the question arises on how data-driven added value can be measured consistently and comprehensively by manufacturing companies. Currently, attempts on data valuation are primarily taking place on internal company level and qualitative scale. This leads to inconclusive results and unused opportunities in data monetization. Existing approaches in theory to determine quantitative data value are seldom used and less sophisticated. Although quantitative valuation frameworks could enable entities to transfer data valuation from an internal to an external level to take account of progress in digital transformation into external reporting. This paper contributes to data value assessment by presenting a four-part valuation framework that specifies how to transfer internal, qualitative to external, quantitative data valuation. The proposed framework builds on insights derived from practice-oriented action research. The framework is finally tested with a machine tool manufacturer using a single case study approach. Placing value on data will contribute to management’s capability to manage data as well as to realize data-driven benefits and revenue. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-85902-2_19]
This chapter addresses the market launch and sales of smart services. It opens with an introduction of the new challenges that the market launch of smart services creates for companies. Then follows the discussion of a four-phase approach to the market launch of smart services. Subsequently, successful practices are presented for this approach along eight design fields of the market launch. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-58182-4_8]
This chapter examines the question of the contribution of smart services for companies and the implications this has for the management of these business models. The chapter starts by outlining the different terminology used to describe smart services and introduces a business-driven view on the digitalization strategy of a company. The characteristic features of digital business models are explained as well as their implications for the management of smart service organizations. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-58182-4_4]
Pricing for Smart-Product-Service-Systems in Subscription Business Models for Production Industries
(2021)
In the production industry, subscription business models have the potential to create long-term relationships where a supplier provides a continuous value-oriented service to a customer based on digitalisation. Monetising this increase in value through pricing represents a central challenge for suppliers in subscription business. Unlike the current dominant transactional business, the focus of pricing is on the value-in-use of the customer (e.g. on the increase in output for the customer). In this regard, there is so far no pricing approach for practice that allows the linking of the performance data of the customer with the periodically charged price. However, in subscription businesses, such an approach is required to create win-win situations for the customer and supplier through continuous performance improvement. Therefore, this paper develops a novel process model for pricing of smart-product-service-systems in subscription business for production industries. This process can serve as basis for suppliers of subscriptions in the production industry to align pricing with the created value-in-use. In the long term, this allows companies to systematically develop their pricing to monetise the potential of digitalisation.
Electricity generated by wind turbines (WT) is a pillar of the transition to renewable energy [1]. In order to economically utilize WTs, operating and maintenance costs, which account for 25% of total electricity generation costs in onshore WTs, are a focus of cost reduction activities [2]. A prescriptive maintenance approach can support in achieving this goal. Prescriptive maintenance is a maintenance approach, where asset condition data is collected and analyzed to recommend specific actions to prevent breakdowns and reduce downtimes. However, the processing and analysis of data is quite complex. Especially unstructured data (such as comments of service technicians in free text fields) is often left unused, as companies, mostly SMEs lack the capacity to carry out these analyses. In this work we propose an approach to utilize the information from service reports, maintenance reports as well as status records from SCADA systems for the development of a prescriptive maintenance approach to onshore WTs. To achieve this, an ontology was utilized in this approach to codify implicit knowledge of service technicians and aid in making unstructured data usable for further analysis. The ontology was used to link historical service and maintenance reports with status codes, thus enabling automated analysis. In interviews with WT topic experts and through further research, damage mechanisms and corresponding maintenance measures were identified and a measure catalogue was developed to support service and maintenance activities. The recognition of the root cause of problems allows for a prescriptive maintenance approach that recommends targeted actions to reduce downtimes and optimize maintenance activities, it also allows to effectively control the outcome of maintenance activities and optimize their execution.
Manufacturing companies are constantly increasing their efforts in the subscription business, also known as product-as-a-service business, offering usage and outcome based solutions (value-in-use) instead of transactional services and products (value-in-exchange). Customers are becoming contractual subscribers of the solution in return for recurring, performance-related payments. To address arising, inevitable challenges like (1) reducing customer churn, (2) increasing usage intensity and outcome quality, (3) ensuring the adoption of product and software releases as well as (4) fostering customer loyalty, leading manufacturing companies are setting up a new organizational, customer-facing unit, called Customer Success Management (CSM). This unit has its origins in the software-as-a-service business, operating next to established entities like sales, key account management and customer service. Since there are currently no holistic models for an end-to-end description of CSM-tasks in the manufacturing industry, this paper contributes to a taskoriented reference model, using a grounded theory approach, examining both manufacturing and software companies. Containing a reference framework with 8 main tasks, 17 basic tasks and 76 elementary tasks, the reference model supports manufacturing companies in adapting and customizing a company-specific CSM concept.
Smart Service Engineering
(2021)
This chapter presents Smart Service Engineering as a development approach for a customer-centric and highly iterative development of smart services. It outlines the development of data-based services in an industrial context, starting with the development of a strategy, followed by the iteration of prototypes, and finally leading to the successful market launch.
KVD-TrendRadar
(2021)
Mit dem KVD TrendRadar bringen wir eine neue Sichtweise in die Diskussion: Statt mit der Frage „Was haben Service-Unternehmen in der Vergangenheit getan, um heute erfolgreich zu sein?“ die Vergangenheit zu analysieren, blicken wir mit der Frage „Womit müssen sich Service-Unternehmen in den kommenden Jahren befassen, um erfolgreich zu werden oder zu bleiben?“ mit Ihnen zusammen in die Zukunft.
A subscription business model - that sounds like significant economic advantages. Therefore, the question arises: Why haven't all manufacturing companies established this type of participative business model yet?
The answer: The development and implementation of subscription business models go hand in hand with central challenges that companies have to overcome in the course of a business model transformation. This expert paper helps with this.
Ein Subscription-Geschäftsmodell – das klingt nach maßgeblichen wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen. Daher stellt sich die Frage: Warum haben bisher noch nicht alle produzierenden Unternehmen diese Art der partizipativen Geschäftsmodelle aufgebaut?
Die Antwort: Der Aufbau und die Umsetzung von Subscription-Geschäftsmodellen gehen einher mit zentralen Herausforderungen, die Unternehmen im Zuge einer Geschäftsmodelltransformation bewältigen müssen. Hierbei hilft dieses Expert-Paper.
Die vorliegende erste Version der Normungsroadmap 'Innovative Arbeitswelt' zeigt zunächst einen Überblick zu potenziell relevanten Themenfeldern und nennt Impulse für die Normung und Standardisierung in Form von initialen Handlungsempfehlungen. Zugleich benennt sie, wo andere Gestaltungssysteme wie beispielsweise Gesetzgeber oder Sozialpartner Vorrang haben.
Die Roadmap bietet somit einen ersten Überblick zum Thema Innovative Arbeitswelt und Normung und Standardisierung. Sie ist jedoch gleichzeitig als lebendes Dokument zu verstehen, das mit fortlaufenden Entwicklungen auch angepasst werden muss. Sämtliche Akteure sind aufgefordert, sich an der weiteren Gestaltung der Normungsroadmap zu beteiligen.
(Quelle: https://www.din.de/de/din-und-seine-partner/presse/mitteilungen/roadmap-innovative-arbeitswelt-erschienen-788762 )
Industrial manufacturers faced and mastered several economic challenges and disruptive changes in the past. In particular, changes to business models emerge very slowly, whereas crises such as the banking crisis or covid-19 outbreak lead to significant short-term effects and are difficult to manage.
Over the past year, the world experienced an unprecedented form of disruption due to the global covid-19 pandemic. Compared to former economic crises, the implications of social distancing, lockdowns, and supply chain shortages triggered a rapid economic and societal disruption at a global scale, which impacted all sectors and levels of society.
For a holistic understanding of the impact of the current and former crises on industrial manufacturers, the Institute for Industrial Management at RWTH Aachen and BearingPoint conducted a survey as well as expert interviews to investigate the scope and type of affects for industrial manufacturers with a strong focus on service business. Based on this a framework to successfully address these new challenges and – also – opportunities was developed.
Industrial food production represents one of the largest industries, accounting for a share of ten percent of the world’s gross domestic product. Simultaneously, it is responsible for 26 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Due to increasing CO2 taxes and population’s call for sustainability and CO2 reduction, it is facing challenges in terms of economic profitability and stakeholder demands. These challenges could partly be overcome by participating in data ecosystems in which data are refined as data products, understood, exchanged and monetized as economic goods. Despite large amounts of data, collected parenthetically along the value chain in food production, potentials of data analytics and data ecosystems are only marginally exploited. Food production mainly focuses on traditional, product-centric business models. This work shows the conceptualization of a data ecosystem for food production, enabling data-based business models. Therefore, resources, ac- tors, roles and underlying relationships of future ecosystem are analyzed. Building on these, corresponding architectural and analytical artifacts that support data ecosystem exploitation are presented. A food production data ecosystem is exemplified by applying data analytics to compressor data, which reveals high potentials for CO2 reduction.
In the food industry, a very large potential of data ecosystems is seen, in which data is understood, exchanged and monetized as an economic asset. However, despite the enormous economic potential, companies in the food industry continue to rely on traditional, product-oriented business models. Existing data in the value chain of industrial food production, e.g., in harvesting, logistics, and production processes, is primarily used for internal optimization and is not monetized in the form of data products. Especially the pricing of data products is a key challenge for data-based business models due to their special characteristics compared to conventional, analog offerings and multiple design options. The goal of this work is therefore to solve this issue by developing a framework that allows the identification of pricing models for data products in the industrial food production. For this purpose, following the procedure of typology formation, essential design parameters and the respective characteristics are derived. Furthermore, three types for pricing models of data products are shown. The results will serve not only stakeholders in the food industry but also manufacturing companies in general as input for an orientation of their databased business models.
KVD-Service-Studie 2021
(2021)
Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung beeinflusst alle Unternehmensbereiche und sorgt für einen maßgeblichen Wandel in der Servicewelt. Trends wie das Internet der Dinge, Big Data und der Einsatz von Maschinellem Lernen und Künstlicher Intelligenz haben in jüngerer Zeit die digitale Transformation weiter vorangetrieben. Dadurch ergeben sich neue Möglichkeiten für den Service, um beispielsweise den Kundenkontakt zu optimieren, Informationen besser zu verarbeiten, das Serviceportfolio durch digitale Lösungen zu erweitern oder die Reaktionsfähigkeit zu steigern. Serviceanbieter werden durch den gezielten Technologieeinsatz nicht nur dazu befähigt, beispielsweise operative Serviceeinsätze gänzlich remote durchzuführen und somit den Serviceprozess weitaus effizienter zu gestalten, sondern auch das bisherige Geschäft durch innovative, digitale Geschäftsmodelle zu erweitern. Um diese Potenziale ausschöpfen zu können, ist es jedoch unabdingbar, neue Formen der Arbeitsorganisation und -gestaltung sowie des Kompetenzmanagements zu berücksichtigen und einzusetzen. Der technologische Einfluss bewirkt tiefgreifende, strukturelle Veränderungen, die sich nicht nur auf die Produktionsprozesse, sondern auf die gesamte Organisation und die Art, zu arbeiten, auswirken. Hierzu sind neue Kompetenzen gefragt, die sich über alle Unternehmensbereiche hinweg erstrecken.
Demgemäß orientiert sich die Studie grundlegend an der Struktur der drei Handlungsfelder und an dem Serviceprozess, der sich in die drei Hauptbestandteile Administration, Planung & Steuerung und Operative Durchführung unterteilen lässt. Der diesjährige Schwerpunkt der Service-Studie 2021, die vom KVD zusammen mit dem FIR durchgeführt wurde, liegt daher auf dem Themenkomplex ‚Organisation im Wandel – Perspektiven der Servicetransformation'.
Subscription business models provide an important component for monetizing the potential of Industrie 4.0. Subscription business is based on a long-term and participative business relationship between customer and provider. However, only digitalization offers the necessary framework conditions to realize the characteristic recurring and performance-based billing, and to ensure the necessary transparency about the usage phase of products as well as continuous performance improvements in the customer process. Against this background, companies must not only recognize the much-cited potential that lies in the total dedication to the success of individual subscription customers. Rather, the central obstacles must be addressed, examined, and subsequently overcome in a targeted manner in order to successfully establish subscription business models and place them on the market.
Digitale Plattformen verfügen über das Potenzial, ganze Branchen in kürzester Zeit grundlegend zu verändern und bislang profitable Geschäftspraktiken abzulösen. Dieses Phänomen aus dem Business-to-Consumer(B2C)-Bereich konfrontiert zunehmend auch Unternehmen aus dem Business-to Business(B2B)-Bereich mit einem Paradigmenwechsel. Große Technologiekonzerne wie Siemens oder Bosch haben mit Mindsphere und der Bosch IoT-Suite Plattformen am Markt etabliert, welche diese neuen Wege der Wertschöpfung vorgeben. Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus sind jedoch dem Risiko ausgesetzt, ohne eine eigene Plattformstrategie im Wettbewerb verdrängt zu werden. Deshalb ist das Verständnis von plattformbasierten Geschäftsmodellen und deren Umsetzung für sie elementar. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts ‚PlattformHybrid‘ wurde erforscht, wie Unternehmen des Maschinen- und Anlagenbaus ihren individuellen Weg in die Plattformökonomie beschreiten können.