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Um langfristig in einem Umfeld zunehmenden Wettbewerbs durch internationale Anbieter erfolgreich zu sein, müssen Unternehmen verstärkt regionale Märkte erschließen. Analog zur Automobilindustrie werden wichtige Wachstumsmärkte zunehmend durch Handelshemmnisse abgeschottet, so dass die Markterschließung durch Exporte vollständig montierter Erzeugnisse häufig ausscheidet. Um dennoch die Handelshemmnisse zu umgehen, hat sich in der Automobilindustrie die Completely Knocked Down (CKD)-Strategie durchgesetzt, bei der Erzeugnisse teilzerlegt in die Märkte exportiert und dort lokal endmontiert werden. Eine grundsätzliche Herausforderung liegt in der situationsgerechten Gestaltung der CKD-Supply Chain. Dazu ist in der Arbeit ein Teil einer simulationsbasierte Gestaltungsunterstützung mit dem Schwerpunkt auf 2D und 3D Simulation erarbeitet worden.
Two major trends are driving many companies in the manufacturing industry to rethink and reconfigure their business logic: the trends towards applying a service dominant business logic, and the trends towards collecting and using information about the market life cycle of products. The pursuit of market lifecycle information has lately been one that is driven mostly by tremendous developments in the area of the Internet of Things and information system integration. Companies in the manufacturing industry are reconfiguring their value chains, tending towards a higher degree of service orientation. This transformation requires an understanding of the principles behind offering additional value through industrial product service systems. The design of an adequate information architecture and the subsequent management model are the key factors for a successful implementation. This article focuses on how information gathering, analysis, and the meaningful use of information have been linked to the success of those companies within the German manufacturing industry which have made the transformation towards service-orientation. On the basis of an empirical study, five success factors with a significant impact on either innovation performance and/or operational performance are identified. These findings are enhanced to derive guidelines for an adequate information architecture. The guidelines are underpinned by best practices of prosperous companies with a strong product-service-orientation. Links between best practice application and performance are analyzed, and significant relations are identified.
One of the major challenges facing today´s manufacturing industry is to differentiate from competition in a highly globalized world. As a consequence to the increasing competitive pressure, many companies transform their product centered business models towards service based business models to differentiate from competition. However, the transformation is often underestimated regarding its complexity and its management challenges to behavioral change.
As a consequence lots of transformation initiatives fail. Besides difficulties in structuring the magnitude of changes in processes and structures, many transformation managers do not perceive the risk of employee resistance against changes, which is one of the key factors causing the failure of transformation. The objective of this paper is to enhance the existing body of research on manufacturer´s organizational transformation towards Product-Service Systems. More detailed, the objective is to develop new knowledge to support the management during the decision-making process in the way how and by means of which instruments the change of behavior can be supported when transforming from a manufacturer to a solution.
We developed a reference framework which structures and defines the relevant dimensions of behavioral change. The identification and validation of the success factors build the second component of our research. We conducted an empirical investigation in the German manufacturing industry and got 79 data sets.
Structural equation modelling was applied for the analyses and the validation of the hypotheses. By this analysis we linked management practice with employee behavior and transformational success variables. On the basis of the gained insights decisions can be made concerning the successful transformation from manufacturer to a solution-oriented service provider.
Today, manufacturing companies are facing the influences of a dynamic environment and the continuously increasing planning complexity. Using advanced data analytics methods, processes can be improved by analyzing historical data, detecting patterns and deriving measures to counteract the issues. The basis of such approaches builds a virtual representation of a product – called the digital twin or digital shadow.
Although, applied IT systems provide reliable feedback data of the processes on the shop-floor, they lack on a data structure which represents real-time data series of a product. This paper presents an approach for a data structure for the order processing which overcomes the described issue and provides a virtual representation of a product. Based on the data structure deviations between the production schedule and the real situation on the shop-floor can be identified in real time and measures to reschedule operations can be identified.
In this paper, we firstly present a target system which is deduced to assess the economic profitability of reverse supply chains. Considering this, we analyse process reference models to define relevant components of an appropriate target system.
Subsequently, we define applicable business models which are the basis for the manufacturer to offer new services to its customers on the one hand and to manage a goal-oriented return, recovery and resell of used products and components on the other hand. This will be done based on the morphology methodology in order to understand the characteristics and attributes of reverse supply chains.
Nowadays, providing purchasable goods is not enough for a company to survive on the global market. Because of competitive prices and a large range of products available, companies need to offer additional benefits to their customers in order to create a unique selling point. They add services to their product portfolio and offer clients the opportunity to acquire an additional service solution to go with it. The offered services need to fit to the customer's needs, resulting in a variety of available services, great complexity of the service range and decreasing transparency of the resource utilization. This paper addresses the problem by identifying variant-creating factors in product service systems, transferring them into an organizational framework and verifying their significance.
One major problem of today’s producing companies is to reach a high adherence to delivery dates while considering the volatile market situation as well as economic aspects. This problem can only be solved by using a production control that is optimally adapted to the processes. A good working, process-oriented production control is essential for being able to control the production situation and to ensure a high adherence to delivery dates. Data generation and processing determine the success of production control. Current processes and IT systems have several shortcomings in meeting these challenges.
The solution for this problem is the so called “cyber physical production control” (CPPC). It optimally supports the production scheduler in his decision making process based on real-time high-resolution data. With the help of data analytics, the production controller receives decision support over various steps. Due to CPPC, the overall goal of a high adherence to delivery dates can be fundamentally increased.
Conventional approaches lead to inflexible organization:
Classic optimization approaches consider only the fully standardized formal
processes and disregard knowledge intensive and informal ones. Similarly, the
information systems considered are rigid and meant to support only the formal processes. As a consequence of over standardisation in both processes and information technology, the organizations become resistant to any change in operations. This inflexibility leads to delays in adapting their services and product to match the volatile and dynamic market needs.
Contemporary processes and IT allow flexibility:
Currently, organizations are forced to diverge from classic and narrow approaches,
and explore new alternative means to enable human-centric knowledge
processes and collaborative information technologies. These 'Collaborative technologies'
are considered to support a much larger spectrum of process types
namely formal as well as semi-formal and informal processes.
Lack of approaches to configure processes and IT:
Even knowing the potentials of collaborative technologies, the organizations still
show a very slow inclusion into their daily operations, and with relatively high
failure rate. This is due to the fact that there are no comprehensive approaches
or methods available to systematically identify, organize and map organizational
process types to the available collaborative technologies.
Model to configure knowledge processes and IT applications:
The aim of this dissertation is to provide organizations with a model and an
application approach to configure their knowledge intensive processes with the
functionalities offered by collaborative technologies. The model is structured
into three main segments:
• description of attributes of knowledge intensive processes
• description of functionalities of collaborative technologies
• configurations of knowledge intensive processes and collaborative
technologies
The model enables the organizations to recognise and configure knowledge
intensive processes with their collaborative technologies. The model and scenarios
are applicable within organizational settings supported by an application
approach and tool based concept. The model is applied and validated within
three diverse industrial case studies.