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ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt dar, welche Chancen und Herausforderungen mit der Bewertung von Daten sowie der Abbildung monetärer Datenwerte verbunden sind und geht auf mögliche Lösungsansätze zur Bewertung von Unternehmensdatenbeständen, insbesondere im Kontext der industriellen Produktion, ein. Zunächst werden Grundlagen zur Charakterisierung, Nutzung und Verwertung von Daten sowie bestehende Methoden zur Bewertung von immateriellen Vermögensgegenständen dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend werden Chancen und Herausforderungen spezifiziert, potenzielle Lösungsansätze zur Datenbewertung abgeleitet und anschließend Anforderungen für die Datenbewertung beschrieben sowie die nutzenorientierte Datenbewertung skizziert.
Towards a Methodology to Determine Intersubjective Data Values in Industrial Business Activities
(2021)
This paper contributes to a valuation framework for valuing data as an intangible asset. Especially those industrial manufacturers developing and delivering holistic digital solutions are limited in calculating the true business value of data initiatives. Since the value of data is strongly dependent on the respective use case, a completely objective valuation is not possible. This complicates decision-making on the internal side regarding investments in digital transformation, and on the external side to communicate existing benefits to third parties via financial reporting. Therefore, the target is to design a valuation framework that allows industrial manufacturers to determine an intersubjective, i.e., traceable and transparent, data value. In order to develop a framework that can be applied in practice, the approach is based on industrial case study research.
The mechanical and plant engineering industry faces a stagnation in the new machinery market and is relying on innovative business models such as subscription to overcome these. In this business model, individually customized solution packages are offered. The success of these models depends directly on the future success of the customer, making the selection of the right customers crucial. The aim of this paper is to identify the criteria that indicate the suitability of customers for subscription models. While there are individual descriptions of suitability criteria in the existing literature, there is a lack of comprehensive consideration of customer relationship, customer company, and customer market, as the extensive consideration was not necessary in the transactional sale of machines until now. Therefore, in this study, expert interviews are conducted with companies in mechanical and plant engineering that offer subscription models. The results show criteria that are used to evaluate customers in the six main categories of creditworthiness, market potential, benefit potential, feasibility, relationship, and sales effort. In total, 24 criteria can provide insight into the suitability of the customer for a successful subscription relationship. These criteria are intended to develop target systems that meet the requirements of different stakeholders in the customer and thus support the economic viability of these business models.
More and more companies in the mechanical and plant engineering industry are transforming their business model and evolving from product to solution providers. Subscription business models play a key role in this development. They enable companies to enter long-term collaborative relationships with customers and thus monetize the potential of Industry 4.0. However, this development is not easy for many companies and is associated with numerous hurdles. One of these hurdles is the development of a suitable range of services tailored to customer needs. In this context, the bundling of individual services to service modules plays a key role in realizing new value propositions. In practice, however, companies often lack an understanding of which services need to be combined in what way to be able to realize new value propositions. Accordingly, the goal of this work is to identify relevant services for subscription business models, to cluster them into meaningful value-adding bundles, and to derive new value propositions accordingly. The new value propositions in turn enable mechanical and plant engineering companies to strengthen customer loyalty and thus achieve long-term economic success.
Eine zentrale Herausforderung für Forschungsprojekte stellt die nachhaltige Dissemination der Projektergebnisse dar, um langfristig Wert für die Zielgruppen zu schöpfen. Aus diesem Grund arbeitet das Konsortium des BMBF-geförderten Projekts GALA momentan intensiv anhand von Recherchen und Workshops an der Aufstellung eines Geschäftsmodells für die Verstetigung. Dazu werden vielfach in der Innovationsforschung erprobte Methoden eingesetzt, welche im folgenden Beitrag dargestellt werden.
Die stagnierende Nachfrage nach neuen Maschinen und Anlagen führt dazu, dass Unternehmen der Branche nach neuen Geschäftsmodellen zur Monetarisierung ihrer Leistungen suchen. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz in diesem Zusammenhang ist das „Netflix der Industrie" – ein sogenanntes Subscription-Geschäftsmodell (SGM), das gezielt in diesem Bereich unterstützt. Bei diesem Modell bietet der Anbieter seinen Kunden eine Lösung in Form eines Produkt-Service-Systems an und erhält dafür regelmäßige Zahlungen. Allerdings birgt die Implementierung dieser Geschäftsmodelle Herausforderungen aufgrund der kapitalintensiven Vorfinanzierung und derzeit mangelnder Bewertungsmethoden zur Bestimmung der Eignung von Kunden für ein solches Modell. Im Projekt ‚SCALA‘ wird ein Subscription-Business-Case-Calculator entwickelt, der es Unternehmen ermöglicht, sich gezielt auf profitable SGM zu konzentrieren und somit den wichtigen Schritt in Richtung des „Netflix der Industrie“ zu gehen.
Im Forschungsprojekt ‚Chatbots im Service‘ forschten das FIR und das International Performance Research Institute (IPRI) gemeinsam mit namhaften Partnern im projektbegleitenden Ausschuss an dem Einsatz von Chatbots im B2B-Kundenservice. Der Fokus lag hierbei vor allem auf KMU im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau. Die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts liefern Unternehmen eine Orientierung in Form eines appbasierten Einführungsleitfadens bei der Implementierung von Chatbots.
Während Kundinnen und Kunden steigende Bedürfnisse im Hinblick auf und Erwartungen an die Kommunikation mit Unternehmen haben, erkennen Unternehmen auch zunehmend selbst die Relevanz einer engen Kundenbeziehung. Dies galt für lange Zeit vor allem im B2C-Umfeld und wurde durch Internetriesen wie Amazon massiv mitgeprägt. Kundinnen und Kunden erwarten kurzfristige Rückmeldungen auf Anfragen und personalisierte Angebote. Mehr und mehr wird dies auch im B2B-Umfeld zum Standard. Die Realität in vielen mittelständischen Betrieben sieht aber oft noch anders aus: Gut ausgebildete Vertriebler:innen sind zwar in der Lage, einen guten Kundenkontakt zu pflegen, aber auch sie können ohne die entsprechenden Prozesse und Tools nur bis zu einem gewissen Punkt den immer wichtiger werdenden individuellen Kundenkontakt sicherstellen.
Dies trifft auch auf den Anlagenbauer LISEGA SE aus Zeven in Niedersachsen zu. Die richtige CRM(Customer-Relationship-Management)-Software kann hier Abhilfe schaffen. CRM bezeichnet eine Strategie zur systematischen Gestaltung der Beziehungen und Interaktionen einer Organisation mit bestehenden und potenziellen Kunden. Durch das standardisierte 3-Phasen-Konzept bietet das FIR an der RWTH Aachen ein strukturiertes Vorgehen bei der Auswahl und Einführung von IT-Systemen, wie z. B. eines CRM-Systems, an.
Traditional manufacturing companies increasingly launch data-driven services (DDS) to enhance their digital service portfolio. Nonetheless, data-driven services fail more often than traditional industrial services or products within the first year on the market. In terms of market launch, their digital characteristics differ from traditional industrial services and thus need specific structures and actions, which companies currently lack. Therefore, a process guideline for a six-month market launch phase of DDS is developed. The guideline relies on analogies from product, service and software launches based on the latest literature from service marketing and successful practices from various industries. Finally, the guideline is evaluated within five industrial case studies. Thus, the guideline provides scientific research insights regarding the market launch process of DDS and adds to the research of service marketing. It provides practical guidance for manufacturing companies by serving as a reference process for the market launch and offering a collection of successful practices within this area.
Electro mobility provides the basis for a fundamental, worldwide change when it comes to individual mobility. This change goes far beyond just using vehicles with an electric engine. The transformation also holds the opportunity of developing and providing new kinds of service solutions that can determine the success of electro mobility significantly. A good service offering can function as a mediator between the technology on the one hand and the market and its potential buyers on the other hand. So far, the number of sold and used electric vehicles in the world does not meet the expectations as potential buyers hesitate to purchase the cars. Currently existing scientific work researching the development of electro mobility is primarily focused on technological aspects of e-mobility, such as the range electric vehicles can reach – an in-depth analysis of all the other influence factors effecting the development and success of electro mobility does not exist yet. It is necessary, however, in order to not only implement suitable service solutions successfully but also influence the development of electro mobility in a positive way. Specific criteria that affect the success of e-mobility can only be met if they are clearly identified. Therefore, the aim of this research paper is to identify relevant key influence factors for the future development of electro mobility and researching which requirements need to be considered in order to increase the acceptance of electric mobility.
Remote services are services enabled by information and communication components and therefore do not require the physical presence of a service technician at the service object to provide a task. The impact of remote service on the capital goods industry has been increasingly significant over the recent yeas. Still many companies struggle with developing and implemenling successful business model, for remote service. This leads to a lot of unaccomplished benefits for the customer as well as for the companies themselves. A survey throughout companies in Ihe industrial machine and plant production sector was conducted in order to determine what successful companies do differently from those that cannot efficiently implement remote service business models.
The study presented in this chapter identifies key suceess factors of companies that effectively implemented remote services for their products. In order to identify the successful companies a scale for measuring remote service success was developed. Only by the use of this scale further findings regarding the success factors were possible. Key findings include the fact that successful companies actively market their remotle service to their customers. Generally they try to approach their remote service business from the operating company's perspective.
This paper presents a simulation approach for service production processes on the basis of which an optimal operating point for service systems can be identified. The approach specifically takes into account the characteristics of human behavior. The simulation is based on a system theory approach to the service delivery process. A specific use case of the simulation approach is presented in detail to illustrate how characteristic curves are deduced and an optimal operating point is obtained.